**Jayavarman VII** (c. 1122–1218) was one of the most significant monarchs of the Khmer Empire, ruling from 1181 to 1218. He is renowned for his military prowess, architectural achievements, and his role in establishing Mahayana Buddhism as the state religion of the Khmer Empire. His reign marked a period of great cultural and political expansion.
### Key Aspects of Jayavarman VII's Reign:
1. **Military Achievements**:
- Jayavarman VII came to power after defeating the Chams, who had invaded and occupied Angkor, the Khmer capital. His victory restored Khmer sovereignty and marked the beginning of his reign.
- He expanded the empire's territory, consolidating control over much of modern-day Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, and parts of Vietnam.
2. **Religious Contributions**:
- He was a devout follower of Mahayana Buddhism and promoted it as the state religion, though he also respected Hinduism and other local traditions.
- His reign saw the construction of numerous Buddhist temples and monuments, including the famous **Bayon Temple** in Angkor Thom, known for its massive stone faces thought to represent the bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara or Jayavarman himself.
3. **Architectural Legacy**:
- Jayavarman VII was a prolific builder. He commissioned the construction of **Angkor Thom**, a new capital city, which included the Bayon Temple, the Royal Palace, and other significant structures.
- He also built **Ta Prohm** (dedicated to his mother) and **Preah Khan** (dedicated to his father), both of which are notable for their intricate carvings and fusion of Buddhist and Hindu elements.
- His reign saw the construction of an extensive network of roads, bridges, and **rest houses** (called *dharmasala*) to support travelers and pilgrims.
4. **Social and Administrative Reforms**:
- Jayavarman VII emphasized public welfare, building hospitals and water reservoirs to improve the lives of his subjects.
- He established a system of **Arogayasala** (hospitals) across the empire, reflecting his commitment to the well-being of his people.
5. **Cultural Impact**:
- His reign is often considered the zenith of Khmer civilization, marked by a flourishing of art, architecture, and religious thought.
- The Bayon style of architecture, characterized by its serene stone faces and intricate bas-reliefs, is a hallmark of his era.
### Legacy:
Jayavarman VII is remembered as a compassionate and visionary ruler who transformed the Khmer Empire into a powerful and culturally rich state. His architectural achievements, particularly the temples of Angkor, remain iconic symbols of Cambodia's heritage and are recognized as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. His reign represents a golden age in Khmer history, blending military strength, religious devotion, and a commitment to public welfare.
